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Abstract
India has the world’s second greatest population and one of the quickest growing economies in the world. India has a promising future, given the unexampled growth in economy and it is clout in the global issues. India is now riding on the wave of a gigantic boom in computer driven new economy. Many formulated countries of the world are seeking the huge pool of English speaking gifted software pros in India. As the world is transforming towards psychological result of perception learning and reasoning society, India too is moving proportionately competing with the world. With the increase of Internet users and the progression of selective information and communicating engineering in India had boasted the development towards e-commerce in international economic society. In IT sector India is booming as a super power. In the last few years India has made rapid strides in the IT sector exceptionally in the software services and IT enabled services. In this paper we analyses the picture of IT industry in a very near future in India & contribution of India in world’s Information Technology Sector.
Introduction
From the 1950s, IBM had a virtual monopoly of computers in India. The 360 series release in 1960s was the major workhouse of the huge organizations. They even maintained a chain of programmers who could write down software’s for their machines. However in 1978, when George Fernandes, ministry of industries at that time, commanded IBM to take local stock holders into it is subsidiary, the company refused rigorously and went back after winding up it is all operations in India. Its ex-employees then set up Computer Maintenance Corporation, with the indispensable object of sustaining IBM computers.
During the amount of time of 1995-2000, the Indian IT Industry has recorded a C.A.G.R. (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) of more than 42.4 percent, which is almost double the growth rate of IT industries in galore of the devised countries. For Details contact AMCHAM National Secretariat, New Delhi Foreign companies peculiarly American companies have played a critical role in making India an emergent IT super power in the world. These MNCs account for almost 22 per cent of Indian software exports. According to the latest NASSCOM estimates, in 2001-02, multinational infotech companies exported software worth Rs. 6500 crore from India. Country’s total software export was pegged at Rs. 29400 crore. In terms of investment and growth, U.S. companies like Cognizant Technologies (largest export revenue earning MNC) IBM, Oracle, GE, Cisco, Compaq, Intel amid others lead the MNCs in the Information Technology sector. Nine out of top 20 Indian IT firms are from United States. These account for over 37% of the turnover of the top 20 firms operating in India. Despite their significant contribution to the IT sector, these companies have to face a number of procedural and operational troubles in India.
However, the volume of e-commerce, in India, is far beneath the levels achieved in USA, which was when it comes to 1 percent of the total GDP in 1999. Further, the expected volume of e-commerce in India in 2001 (US$ 255.3 million) is also under the levels expected to be achieved, which in comparison to Australia (US$ 3 billion), China (US$ 586 million), South Korea (US$ 876 million) and Hong Kong (US$685 million) is rather less.
Time has changed the way businesses are carried out. What was supposed to be known to few and fixed to the home towns, appears to be an ancient methodology of carrying out the work. The present day brands work on world wide scale, that is they are successful in not just one queer region but have deepened their origins to all the corners in the globe that you may think of.
Information Technology is what constitutes the most essential sector in the present day trend of carrying out business. It is because you may not be present everyplace to monitor the work, but with networking and communications, you may always stay in contact with the other business web sites of yours.
ICT Approaches of India
A spate of reforms-post-1991 economic crisis-have given impetus to the Indian economy, peculiarly to the ICT sector. As percentage of the reform agenda, the Indian Government has taken major steps to promote ICT including the creation in 1988 of a World Market Policy, with a focus on software development for export; telecommunications policy reform; privatization of the national long-distance and mobile phone markets; and development of a more comprehensive approach to ICT. Although India’s success is commanding increasing attention and investment, it has yet to result in the distribution of social and economic gains throughout a broader base of the population. Challenges-including the sensing of an unfavorable regulatory climate, an overloaded judicial system, poor infrastructure and highpriced access, and fixed use of ICT-remain. The emergent shift in government strategy, toward knowledge-intensive services, has developed a climate more conducive to addressing enterprise, domestic infrastructure, education and the use of ICT to meet development needs.
Policy: India’s focus on self-reliant industrialization in the 1970s and 1980s has been substituted with reforms aimed at positioning India in the world economy: the alien direct investment routine has been streamlined, new spheres have been opened up to alien direct investment and ownership, and the government has exempted the ICT industry from corporate income tax for five years. These reforms have helped India to become progressively integrated into the global economy through growth in the export of software and skill-intensive software services, such as call-centers.
In 1986, the Indian government declared a new software policy designed to serve as a catalyst for the software industry. This was followed in 1988 with the World Market Policy and the institution of the Software Technology Parks of India (STP) scheme. As a result, the Indian software industry grew from a mere US$150 million in 1991-1992 to a staggering US$5.7 billion (including over US$4 billion worth of software exports) in 1999-2000-representing an annual growth rate of over 50 percent.
The establishment of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was a key step towards effective implementation of telecommunications reforms. In 1992, the mobile phone market was opened up to private operators, in 1994 the fixed services market followed, and in the long run in 1999, national long distance operations were opened to private competition. Prior to these reforms, the Department of Telecommunications had been the sole provider of telecommunications services.
In addition, to attract alien direct investment, the government permitted alien equity of up to 100 percent and obligation free import on all inputs. Government-created technology parks also offered professional labor services to clients, a cost-effective program for India since ICT labour is so inexpensive by global standards.
Infrastructure: Teledensity in India has reached 3.5 percent of the population. Approximately 1 percent of households have fixed line connections, equated to 10 percent in China. The mobile sector has approximately 3 million users, growing at 100 percent per annum, and is expected to outstrip the fixed line market in the near future. The number of Internet accounts is around 1.5 million, growing at 50 percent per annum. India likewise has very high penetration rates of terrestrial TV, cable and radio. Voice and selective information wireless solutions, for both domestic and export markets, are growingly produced and applied locally.
Access to telephones in Indian villages has bettered in the last five to six years through the introduction of the Public Call Office (PCO) run by local shopkeepers. More than 60 percent of the villages in India have at least one phone. This also includes over 800,000 Village Public Telephones (VPTs). Worldtel is undertaking a pilot in four states to secure financing to upgrade the Village Public Telephones so they will soon be Internet-accessible.
In some urban locations, India’s Software Technology Parks (STPs) provide infrastructure, buildings, electricity, telecommunications facilities and high-speed satellite links to facilitate export processing of software.
India also has a number of progressive computerized networks in place, including a stock exchange, the Indian Railways Passenger Reservation System, and the National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET), which connects government agencies at the central, state and district levels.
Enterprise: India’s well-established framework for protecting intellectual property rights has been an crucial inducement to business investment: well-known international trademarks have been protected by Indian laws, even when they were not registered in India. In 1999, major legislation was passed to protect intellectual property rights in harmoniousness with international exercises and in compliance with India’s indebtednesses underneath TRIPS.
Much of the initial domestic demand stimulus for ICT and ICT services industries in India has come from government: 28 percent of total IT spending to date may be attributed to government and public sector expenditure. Major areas of government expenditure include: financial services, taxation, customs, telecommunications, education, defense and public infrastructure. As a result of the growth in ICT use in India, the ICT industry itself has likewise increased it is domestic economic activity, for example, a number of ICT companies have developed accounting and word processing packages in Indian languages. The potential affect of this growth on the domestic economy is much broader than devising software for export only.
Human Capacity: In spite of comparatively low literacy rates amongst the general population, India has various key vantages in humane capital: a huge English-speaking population and world-class education, exploration and management institutions-a direct result of investment in self-reliance in science and technology. In addition to establishing Indian Institutes of Technology in respective cities around India to fabricate a big pool of technical skills, the government has a computer policy to give hope or courage to R&D in personal computers. The IT training sector proceeds to grow at a rapid rate: total training revenues in 1998 were approximated at US$225 million, 30 percent up on the former year. However, one of the biggest challenges to the Indian software industry remains the difficultness in attracting and holding back gifted professionals.
Content and Applications: India has a big population with outstanding linguistic diversity. Creating and preserving locally applicable content for a country with 418 languages is a challenge. Nevertheless, local language content is tardily making ICT more applicable and accessible to a broader cross-section of the population. For example, India’s Center for Development of Advanced Computing has not long back launched a system called iLEAP-ISP to formulate a free multilingual word processor to be made available to all Internet subscribers. On other fronts, a great deal of states such as Tamil Nadu have launched their own initiatives to aid the standardization of local language software through interface programs that may be adapted to word processors, dictionaries, and mercantile keyboards for use in schools, colleges, government offices and homes.
An special and significant stress has likewise been placed on the development of applicable e-government apps in India. Some states such as Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh have started to introduce apps which concede citizens to have more immediate and more transparent access to government services-for example, the provision of selective information on laws and regulations, and the procuring of licenses and official documents online.
Strategic Compact: Public-private partnerships, catalyzed by the IT Ministry, have played a key role in India’s ICT-related development. One of the positive results of this venture has been the IT Act of 2000, which was based on the recommendation of the National IT Task Force, and aims to set the overall system for the IT sector. In addition, the government and the private sector are starting to come together to foster ICT development. For example, a joint venture by the Computer Science Automation Department at the Indian Institute of Science and a Bangalore-based private company have invented Simputer-a cheap micro-computer that enables illiterate users to browse the Internet.
India’s development and contribution in world’s data engineering sector is of most eminent reputation. Cities like Bangalore have become the favorite(most preferred) destinations of all the huge banners like HSBC, Dell, Microsoft, GE, Hewlett Packard, and various Indian multi national firms like Infosys Technologies, Wipro, and Microland who have set up their offices in the city. It is because the city offers good infrastructure, with big floor space and outstanding telecom facilities. This may be judged on the basis of the high growth stats of India and the altering outlook of the companies towards India .
It is because of this growth numerous frequent brands that have not yet build up there rigid offices in the country are making it fast to have a destination in India too. For example, Sun Microsystems, a global IT major, declared in Bangalore to double the present workforce of the company’s Sun India Engineering Center (IEC) from the present 1000 to 2000 in the next two years time. IEC, which is the greatest R&D center for Sun outside the US , would also focus on manufacturing merchandise in India to suit the needs of the Indian market, which would be benchmarked globally.
This speedy growth of IT Sector is undoubtedly due to the attempts of Indian government and the other developments that took in the other constituents of the globe.
The country has seen an era when after the IBM shutted it is shop in India in 1950, the mainframes that were imported into the country were all from Russia . Western computer could not be imported because of an American embargo on export of high-technology instrumentation to India , which was considered an ally of the Soviet Union .
Slowly, with the time the country could invent it is original powerful parallel computer in 1991 known as CDAC, by connecting together a string of less powerful computers.
With time and the uninterrupted growth all over the world, the country continued engaged in a struggle and came up as the world leader in Information Technology Sector.
The industry has grown up to US $ 5.7 billion (including over $4 billion worth of software exports) in 1999-2000, with the annual growth rate not sliding under 50 percent since 1991.
It exports software and services to almost 95 countries around the world. The share of North America ( U.S. & Canada ) in India ‘s software exports is with regards to 61 per cent.
The Indian labor is not only cheap but is technically skilled too to the world class level. It is due to the Indian Education System that includes in it is course curriculum the practical noesis of the latest technology that is devised in world along with the fluency in English Language that imparts compatibility in an Indian technician to commune and work through out the world.
Further the geographical emplacement of India serves it the vantage of being precisely halfway round the world from the US west coast, which is another reason why India is preferent destination of a good deal of big brands.
Also, The presence of a huge number of Indians, specially engineers, in the US gave India an easy entry into the US software market.
What adds more to the dominance of India in Information Technology Sector is the government policies like the enactment of cyber laws to protect and safeguard the interest of software companies in India .
Setting up of the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), by the Ministry of Information Technology, Government of India and the International Technology Park in a joint project by the State Government, the TATA Group and the Singapore Consortium to publicize and facilitate the software exports is another major step towards the growth of Indian Information Technology Sector.
Similarly an industrial park, known as Electronic City , was set up in 1991 takes more than a hundred electronic industries including Motorola, Infosys, Siemens, ITI, and Wipro, in an area of around 330 acres.
The Export Promotion Industrial Park , built near International Technology Park , gives an exclusive 288 acres of area for export oriented business. GE has it is India Technology Center located at this park and employs hundreds of multi promotional disciplinary engineering science development activities.
The other promotional activenesses that brought up India to this position include the IT Corridor project. Conceptualized by Singapore ‘s Jurong Town Corporation Private Ltd, the IT corridor Project was initiated by the Department of IT and the Bangalore Development Authority in order to invent state of the art facilities for the development of noesis based industries.
Thought’s of some World’s IT leaders in regards to India
“Economic growth will strength better governance, and better governance will feed more economic growth”
SV, NYC, USA
The people and communities at huge feel that they don’t have the capacity to make a difference
Juzar Singh Sangha, Bedford
India has to take more care of the village population who are still engaged in a struggle to live properly
John Karondukadavil, India, Living in Poland, Jaslo
India may become a superpower if she concentrates on the engineering science market niche
Devyani Prabhat, Jersey City, USA
India ought to counter it is accomplishments and wage crisis
Pallavi, Sydney, Australia
Hopefully India will lead the world towards a more humane and tolerant future
Nilesh, Antwerp, Belgium
India needs to take strong and clear cut conclusions to emerge as a global player
Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, USA
India is a country benefitting economic ground in the world
Justin, Bristol, UK
Indians now have to give rise to a sense of national pride
Leila, USA
India will never be a superpower, much less a global power
Jonathan, Boston, USA
India has had a sharp increase in the approximated number of HIV infections
Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India’s economic success is built on the sacrifices of former generations
Shekhar Scindia, Edison, NJ, USA
While India’s economic growth is encouraging, it is sustainability is doubtful
Sigismond Wilson, Sierra Leonean in Michigan, USA
Conclusion
India is a perfective solution for all those companies, which seek for cheap, yet technically skilled labor who have modern minds and state of art to work over a project. The ample of facilities provide in a perfective working conditions. For rest, cyber laws are there to monitor and safeguard everyone’s interest affiliated to IT sector.
All these reasons bestow for India to be as the most adored destination to some companies. . So we may conclude:
•India poised for an explosive growth in ICT
•India emergent as a international R&D Hub
•From brain drain to brain gain
•Millions of jobs will be formulated in ICT & other emergent engineering areas
•Quality issues will have to be addressed
•Private Sector world class originations will emerge with global collaborations
•India will reclaim it is ancient inheritance of the world’s most innovative knowledge-based civilization called “Bharat”.
India will become Warehouse of IT in the world
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References
1. Goodman, Seymour E.; Burkhart, Grey E.; Foster, William A.; Mittal, Arun; Press, Laurence I.; and Tan, Zixiang (Alex), The Global Diffusion of the Internet Project, Asian Giants On-Line, Chapter 3 (India) and Chapter 4 (China), The Global Information Technology Assessment Group, Fairfax, VA, November 1998.
2. Press, L., Developing Networks in Less Industrialized Nations, IEEE Computer, vol. 28, no. 6, June 1995, PP 66-71.
3. [http://www.stpn.soft.net]
4. An Indian Perspective on IT & Engineering Programs ,Vijay Bhatkar, International Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India
5. Nasscom
6. Anuranjan Misra ” Software outsourcing from India” National Seminar on Strategies in Business Process Outsourcing”, IIMS, Bareilly, INDIA, Dec. 08-09 2004.
7. Anuranjan Misra” India – An Emerging IT Super Power” International Seminar on India 25 Years and Hence, IIMS, Bareilly, INDIA, Fev. 08,2006.
About the AuthorMark M. Stephenson is conductor of the Web-Empowered Church ministry (www.webempoweredchurch.org) and conductor of CyberMinistry and engineering science of Ginghamsburg Church in Tipp City, Ohio (www.ginghamsburg.org). Hosting more than 50,000 user visits per month, his Ginghamburg internetsite has received national attention, from The Wall Street Journal and Christian Computing Magazine to Fox News. Known as the “Church CyberGuy,” he conducts demonstrations and workshops around the country and provides consulting support to churches around the world.
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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
 A Practical Guide for Web Ministry
By Benjamin A. Simpson
Technology is a love of mine, and as tools proceed to develop, there is a great deal of potential to leverage technology for ministry. The Internet, in particular, may be an effective form of communicating for churches. Mark Stephenson, in his book Web-Empowered Ministry: Connecting With People through Websites, Social Media, and More, gives us a place to start out for thinking regarding and manufacturing the use of the Internet for ministry.
Some churches invent their web presence effectively, while others struggle. In big part, this is because church leaders who are oftentimes tasked with the development of a church web-site or efficaciously devising other avenues for communication efficaciously with the web are busy with other tasks. There are pastoral counseling calls to make, sermons to prepare, and meetings to attend. And most churches do not have the resources to build and fabricate a big staff. They depend a outstanding deal on volunteers to keep things going.
The web proceeds to grow as a continuous presence in the lives of daily people. As such, there is a continued need for reflectivity on how we may best use the Internet as an extension of what we do within the ministry of the local church. Web-Empowered Ministry is a ministry manual, and it reads like one. Don’t suppose a page turner. Expect a how-to guide to web ministry that covers everything from design to utility for respective web services. Stephenson covers web development, how to use free online services (such as Twitter, Facebook, etc.), and the fundamentals of how a church internetlocation may deliver content (sermons, classes, etc.) to the masses. Stephenson likewise points his reader to Web Empowered Church, a network of church web development and IT masters who may support with the development of an online presence.
I haven’t read too a good deal of books like this since seminary, but as someone who has served in the local church, I recognise that these books have applicability and usefulness for respective ministries. Every pastor will not be a web designer, nor will they have the vision, time, and resources to build and maintain their own web space. But each pastor does, very likely, have a person in their congregation who is passionate when it comes to engineering and who could manage this as a service to the congregation as a whole. Stephenson even speaks of this, saying that he started out his ministry as a volunteer, and, in fact, built his introductory web internetsite for Ginghamsburg on his own initiative. He forced the hand of other leaders in the church to recognize his passion and manufacture space for his ministry. And he succeeded.
My guess is that there are ministry leaders who want to have a more active web presence, but don’t have the energy or the time to build that presence on their own. And I’d bet that a good deal of of those same persons would equip someone else to do it as share of their ministry if they only knew how. This book is a start. This book is technical, but it is practical. I could see someone handing this book off as a primer for a key volunteer. That volunteer could then begin working to attain the accomplishments necessitated to build an effective ministry that suits the personality of that queer local church.
DISCLAIMER: In accordance with FTC guidelines, I’d like to alert the reader that I received a copy of this book in interchange for a review. However, with that in view, I am committed to speaking truth fully concerning any book that I do in fact review, as I am obligated to my readership to provide a biblically and theologically informed perspective that may support my readers either take up or keep out of the way of resources that may prove utile for ongoing Christian reflectiveness and maturity.
1 of 2 persons found the following review helpful.
 Great tool
By Curtis
I have started out working with a little church that in truth needs to let the World know what this church has to offer. I have learned so much regarding web based ministry from this book that we are moving into areas we didn’t think were available to us. All I may add is—Thank You!!!–Curtis Gay Author of One More Sunrise -Memoir of s Combat Infantryman in Viet Nam
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